Where does the AI Act establish penalties?
Article 99 sets out penalties and the criteria for determining them, including specific rules for undertakings, SMEs and start-ups. Article 100 covers Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies. Article 101 addresses fines for providers of general-purpose AI models. Market surveillance is addressed, among other provisions, in Article 74.
Editorial orientation: read the linked provisions for conditions, exceptions and obligations.
Consolidated edition: 27 July 2026
The provisions to read
Article 99Penalties
1. In accordance with the terms and conditions laid down in this Regulation, Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties and other enforcement measures, which may also include admini…
Administrative fines on Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies
1. The European Data Protection Supervisor may impose administrative fines on Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies falling within the scope of this Regulation. When deciding whet…
Fines for providers of general-purpose AI models
1. The Commission may impose on providers of general-purpose AI models fines not exceeding 3 % of their annual total worldwide turnover in the preceding financial year or EUR 15 000 000 , wh…
Market surveillance and control of AI systems in the Union market
1. Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 shall apply to AI systems covered by this Regulation. For the purposes of the effective enforcement of this Regulation: (a) any reference to an economic operator…